Chwarel Lechi Vivian, Llanberis, Gogledd Cymru - Animeiddiad gan y Comisiwn Brenhinol

Animeiddiad gydag isdeitlau, yn ail-greu hanes a gwaith chwarel lechi Vivian, un o chwareli niferus ardal Dinorwig. Cafodd ei hagor ym 1869 yn ystod blynyddoedd llewyrchus y diwydiant llechi pan oedd Cymru’n cyflenwi marchnadoedd y byd.

Comisiwn Brenhinol Sianel YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/user/RCAHMWales

Os hoffech brynu copi cydraniad-uchel o'r animeiddiad neu os oes gennych unrhyw gwestiynau eraill am waith y Comisiwn Brenhinol, neu'r casgliadau yng Nghofnod Henebion Cenedlaethol Cymru, cysylltwch â:

Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru,

Plas Crug,

Aberystwyth,

SY23 1NJ

Ffôn: +44(0)1970 621200
Gwefan: www.cbhc.gov.uk
E-bost: chc.cymru@cbhc.gov.uk

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Commission’s Animation Film shown in Tokyo

On 14 June 2014 the Commission’s animation of workers housing and associated church, chapel and public house, at the World Heritage site in Blaenavon, was shown to an audience of more than 200 people at an international conference in Tokyo.

The conference celebrated the great achievement of the rapid industrialisation that followed the ending of Japan’s 200-year policy of self-imposed isolation from 1639.  This had been effectively ended when the American Pacific Fleet under Admiral Perry had entered Nagasaki harbour in 1853.  There was an immediate recognition by some Japanese that they had to acquire western technical knowledge if they were to survive as an independent nation. Five young Japanese from leading families in local clans subsequently visited London, their tutor had been executed for leaving Japan without being given the ruling shogun’s permission.

The Briton, Thomas Glover of the Jardine Matheson Bank, eventually arrived in Nagasaki to participate in the business partnerships that were developing to modernise Japan. On the way he helped the local clans depose the retrograde shogun.

Glover’s house and most of the other sites that form a World Heritage bid, which shows the first large-scale transfer of modern technology from a western to an eastern country, are in the Nagasaki area.  There was a large technical and business input from Britain into these processes.

A main adviser of the present World Heritage bid was the late Stuart Smith, a former Welsh Royal Commissioner who died in May, and who was my predecessor as Secretary of the International Committee on the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage (TICCIH). TICCIH are advisors to the International Council for Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and UNESCO, on industrial World Heritage sites.

The Welsh Royal Commission has become an expert and valued advisors on the preparation of World Heritage bids in Wales, having spent two, then six years, preparing the successful Blaenavon and Pontcysyllte World Heritage nominations respectively. It led the 2009 Pontcysyllte bid and is preparing the present slate industry bid, for which it is preparing further animations.

A previous interpretation film of the building of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct has been shown in China at a consultation on international canal studies, during the preparation for World Heritage status of the 1000 miles long Grand Canal of China, which was inscribed in June this year.

The government and authorities in both Japan and China have been funding advice co-ordinated by both TICCIH & ICOMOS from across the world; two members of staff from Historic Scotland were also present in Tokyo.

The value placed on this co-operation is shown by the fact that over 1500 people attended the conference reception in Tokyo at which the Japanese Prime Minister and several of his Cabinet were present.
 
The Blaenavon and Pontcysyllte Animations can be viewed on the Royal Commission’s site on YouTube at www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZUg94GMp3s and www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqeCu6jd9W0  respectively, and are also shown in the World Heritage Interpretation Centres at both sites.

Stephen Hughes, TICCIH Secretary.


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The Atlanterra Project I: the Development of Interpretative Animation & International Slate Studies

The development and international diffusion of innovatory survey and presentation techniques was one of the objectives of the four year Atlanterra: Green Mines Project which was brought to a conclusion in the early months of 2014.  The Project Partners also laid the foundations for international studies of the building-stone and slate industries.

The first four months of 2014 saw the culmination of a four year project that examined the valorisation of the mining heritage and laid the foundations for World Heritage Studies of the Building-stone and slate industries. It examined the mining heritage from both a geological and archaeological/historical viewpoint and explored how to showcase this heritage using the application of new digital technologies. As a result The Royal Commission recently won the first Peter Neaverson Award for Digital Innovation given by the British Association for Industrial Archaeology for its animation of world’s largest early/mid 19th century copper works - Hafod Copperworks in Swansea, south Wales, U.K. which can be viewed online at  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Y8DAXaMihc. Other industrial archaeological interpretative animation films can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/user/RCAHMWales .

The two surviving engine sheds and rolling machinery at the Hafod Copper Works site. Crown Copyright: RCAHMW

Utilising a wealth of survey carried out by the RCAHMW and their in-house expertise in industrial archaeology, combined with historic images from the West Glamorgan Record Office and Swansea Museum, the animation recreates the detail of buildings, machinery and processes on the site as well as a sense of the highly industrial nature of the Lower Swansea Valley in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The establishment of authenticity by analytical survey must underpin both the conservation and presentation of internationally important industrial archaeology sites as discussed in Stephen Hughes, 2011 ‘Authenticity and Conservation in World Heritage’ in ICOMOS  China, Wuxi Forum on the Conservation of China’s Cultural Heritage, Conservation of Heritage Canals: Material for Academic Exchanges (ICOMOS China, Wuxi, 2011), 9-13.

Stills from the animation. Crown Copyright: RCAHMW

The Atlanterra: Green Mines II European Inter-regional Project was formed in February 2010 by a group of geological, archaeological, tourism and regeneration organisations from France, Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Wales led by the municipality of Noyant-la-Gravoyère. An understanding of historic mining fields can only be achieved by a determination of their geological structure considered together with their archaeological remains. Cosequently the project partners have included the Instituto Geologico y Minero de España (IGME), the Laboratorio Nacional de Energia e Geologia of Portugal (LNEG) and the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI). The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) has led on the archaeological objectives that included the demonstration and diffusion of digital and laser-scanning techniques.

Some 19 project blogs, describing the survey work undertaken, some based on the former centre of the world slate industry in the mountains of north Wales were posted here at http://heritageofwalesnews.blogspot.com/  including  ‘2011/10/atlanterra-project-business-meeting.html’ , ‘2010/10/survey-at-maenofferen-slate-quarry.html’ and ‘2010/8/periant-arbrofol-codi-cwch-camlas.html’ [i.e. looking for an 18th century canal boat lift]. The slate industry was identified as being of international importance in S. R. Hughes, D. Gwyn & J. Alfrey,  2010, ‘Wales in the Industrial and Modern Period (Post 1750), Review of the Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales, 7pp.’ at http://www.archaeoleg.org.uk/pdf/reviewdocs/industrialreview.pdf.

Laser-scanning of a significant site such as that carried-out in the Vivian Slate Quarry, part of one of the world’s biggest nineteenth-century mountain terraced slate quarries of Dinorwig, Llanberis, north Wales can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PH1Gf1LY2Ms. These laser-scans of large industrial landscapes can simply be used to produce on-line ‘fly-throughs’ and seem to have an almost magical other-worldly feel that draws new audiences to go and explore these sites for themselves. The Royal Commission also commissioned an equally attractive scan of an underground mine-pumping waterwheel in a lead mine in mid Wales which can be viewed online at http://welshminestrust.org/ystrad-einion.

This work helped inspire our Atlanterra project partners to produce their own ‘fly-through’ films.  One has just been produced by the Copper Coast Geopark in County Waterford in Ireland of the conserved copper mine engine-houses on the cliff at Tankardstown and can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcqZfnXcJjk. Another has a fly-through of the remaining dry underground tunnels and mineral formations in the mine. This includes a 3D digital representation of all the levels, shafts and tunnels ever worked in the mine constructed from the historical mine plans archive held by the Geological Survey of Ireland. This can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1w1sBfbN1s. The tours also encourage cultural tourism from the Copper Coast Geopark Centre (http://www.coppercoastgeopark.com) where they can be viewed on-site.

The digital and laser surveys have helped produce high quality results upon which animators can build 3D models conveying reliable information to cultural tourists. The Royal Commission’s initial animation of the building of the World Heritage Pontcysyllte Aqueduct in north Wales available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqeCu6jd9W0, produced in 2009, lacked a sound track. The Hafod Copper Works animation has soundtracks in the English and Welsh languages http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2jH8D_0iV0 and as well as being available on youtube these animations are shown at the Pontcysyllte World Heritage Visitor Centre, the National Waterfront Museum in Swansea and by the Swansea Riverboat Trust. The Hafod Animation also has character animations of copper-workers.

The Geological Survey of Ireland subsequently produced a visualisation of the copper-ore dressing-floors at Knockmahon and the Laboratorio Nacional de Energia e Geologia of Portugal has produced an animation of historical conical-shaped copper-roasting structures in use as part of the Teleiras mining process at Aljustrel.

The design and distribution of workers’ housing and settlements were also compared as part of the Atlanterra Project (online database of workers housing in Wales is available as part of ‘Coflein’ at www.coflein.gov.uk). In Wales animations of the key 1790s ironworkers ‘Bunkers Row’ Houses & institutional buildings at Blaenavon World Heritage Site (south Wales) was produced and can be viewed online in English at  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZUg94GMp3s and in the Welsh-language at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIV21l-Mw1Q. Both films are now shown on-site at the World Heritage Centre in Blaenavon. The animations show clearly how urban ideas of designing ‘back-to-back’ houses from the English west Midlands were imported to rural south Wales with the influx of both capital and key workers to the region. They also show how the iron workers built their own protestant Welsh-language chapels in the Italianate style to distinguish them from the gothic English-language Anglican churches provided by the ironmasters. The international background to this has been discussed in S. R. Hughes, 2010, ‘Attitudes to Religion, Education, and Status in Worker Settlements: The Architectural and Archaeological Evidence from Wales’, in M. C. Beaudry & J. Symonds (Ed.), Interpreting the Early Modern World: Transatlantic Perspectives (Springer, New York, in series C.E. Orser (Ed.) Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology, 2010), 197-225.  The international context has been expanded upon in Stephen Hughes, 2011 ‘The Architecture of Nonconformist Christian Religion and National Identity’ in P. Bellamy & Guarin Montpetit (Ed.), Religion: Beliefs, Theories and Societal Effects, (Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2011), 1-33 (2011).

International exchanges and visits to key slate-quarrying and mining sites were held during two international conferences held as part of the Atlanterra Project in 2012: at Plas Tan-y-Bwlch in north Wales (in conjunction with ICOMOS-UK) and at Nantes in France. Papers from the latter conference are available in Atlanterra, ‘Valorisation du Patrimoine Minier’ Actes du Colloque18 et 19 Septembre 2012, Nantes (Noyant-la-Gravoyère, 2013).

Animations of two of the major slate-quarrying and mining sites at Maenofferen Blaenau Ffestiniog and Vivian’s Quarry at the Dinorwig slate-quarrying complex have been produced as part of the Atlanterra Project and will be available at http://www.youtube.com/user/RCAHMWales. An animation of the railway inclined-planes at the Vivian’s Slate Quarry is already available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUUAfQOnDnk.

During discussions with partner organisations it was decided that previous animations of sites such as the Hafod Copper Works lacked photographs showing the present state of the works. The latest slate animations address this deficiency by including both terrestrial and aerial photographs of the sites and landscapes. They also use an alternative narrative methodology by using sub-titles rather than spoken narratives.

In 2012 the Atlanterra project also sponsored the Royal Commission’s annual international conference on digital innovation Digital Past (details at www.rcahmw.gov.uk). Part of the output of that conference was the Atlanterra sponsored booklet Rhannu Ein Gorffennol Digidol: Sharing Our Digital Past (RCAHMW, Aberystwyth, 2012) to give guidance on current digital innovations and their use. Much of this is available online at: http://www.slideshare.net/trompet/sharing-our-digital-past-digital-innovation-at-the-royal-commission-1-of-2. One very useful survey tool is aerial laser-scanning (also used by GSI in a Maritime context to detect wrecks as well as undersea deposits) which is explained at: http://www.rcahmw.gov.uk/HI/ENG/Publications/Digital+Reports/Processing+and+Working+with+LiDAR+Data+in+ArcGIS%3A+A+Practical+Guide+for+Archaeologists.

By Stephen Hughes.
Projects Director, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales & TICCIH Secretary

Further Reading:

• The Atlanterra Project II: Slate Studies
  23 Apr 2014
  The Atlanterra project has also led to cultural tourism and heritage maps and guides of a number of mining fields including the Mapa de Patrimonia Minero de Galicia, (IGME, Madrid, 2013) and the Slate quarrying & mining sites ...

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Y Comisiwn Brenhinol Yn Ennill Gwobr O Fri Am Animeiddiad 3D O’r Diwydiant Copr

Mae’r Gymdeithas Archaeoleg Ddiwydiannol wedi dyfarnu gwobr i Gomisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru i gydnabod ei ddefnydd o ail-greu cyfrifiadurol ac animeiddio i egluro safleoedd archaeolegol diwydiannol cymhleth.

Cafodd yr animeiddiad o Waith Copr yr Hafod, a grëwyd ar y cyd â’r cwmni delweddu ThinkPlay o Geredigion, ei gynhyrchu fel rhan o brosiect a ariannwyd gan y Cyngor Ymchwil Economaidd a Chymdeithasol, Bydoedd Lleol a Byd-Eang Copr Cymru. Un o brif amcanion y prosiect oedd hybu dealltwriaeth o Waith Copr yr Hafod, y gwaith mwyndoddi copr mwyaf yn y byd pan oedd yn ei anterth, ond sydd wedi mynd i ddifancoll i raddau helaeth ers ei gau ym 1980. Un o nodweddion arbennig y safle hwn yw’r peiriant Musgrave a oedd yn darparu pŵer ar gyfer y melinau rholio. Dyma’r unig beiriant o’i fath sy’n parhau yn ei safle gwreiddiol. 

Y ddau beiriandy a’r peirianwaith rholio sydd wedi goroesi ar safle Gwaith Copr yr Hafod. Hawlfraint y Goron: CBHC

Gan ddefnyddio gwaith arolygu helaeth a wnaed gan y Comisiwn Brenhinol a’i arbenigedd mewnol, ynghyd â delweddau hanesyddol a ddarparwyd gan Archifdy Gorllewin Morgannwg ac Amgueddfa Abertawe, mae’r animeiddiad yn ail-greu manylion yr adeiladau, peiriannau a phrosesau ar y safle ac yn rhoi darlun realistig o’r diwydiant trwm yng Nghwm Tawe Isaf yn rhan olaf y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg a rhan gyntaf yr ugeinfed ganrif.
 

Lluniau llonydd o’r animeiddiad. Hawlfraint y Goron: CBHC

Yn ogystal â bod yn rhan allweddol o’r arddangosfa dros dro Bydoedd Lleol a Byd-Eang Copr Cymru yn Amgueddfa Genedlaethol y Glannau, mae’r animeiddiad wedi cael ei ddefnyddio ar y rhaglen deledu Time Team, ac mae’n rhan annatod o brofiad Cwch Cymunedol Abertawe. Mae wedi cael ei ddangos mewn nifer o wledydd, o Ffrainc i China, ac wedi ennill clod gan Gymdeithas Archaeoleg Ddiwydiannol America sydd wedi argymell y ffilm i’w haelodau. Mae’r animeiddiad bellach yn cael ei arddangos yn barhaol yn Amgueddfa’r Glannau.

Bu’r Comisiwn Brenhinol yn adnabyddus ers tro byd am ddefnyddio lluniadau rhandoredig ac adluniadau 2D mewn llyfrau arloesol megis Houses of the Welsh Countryside, ond yn ystod y blynyddoedd diwethaf mae wedi arwain y ffordd wrth ddefnyddio technolegau digidol i ddehongli safleoedd cymhleth ar hyd a lled Cymru. Mae Gwobr Peter Neaverson yn cydnabod dylanwad gwaith y Comisiwn ar ddatblygu dehongli, lledaenu a diogelu ein treftadaeth a’n harchaeoleg ddiwydiannol. Gellir gweld enghreifftiau o holl animeiddiadau CBHC yn http://www.youtube.com/user/RCAHMWales/videos.

Cafodd yr animeiddiad o Waith Copr yr Hafod ei ariannu gan y Cyngor Ymchwil Economaidd a Chymdeithasol fel rhan o’r prosiect Bydoedd Lleol a Byd-Eang Copr Cymru, dan arweiniad Prifysgol Abertawe a phrosiect Atlanterra sy’n cael ei ariannu gan Ewrop.

Mae’r Wobr gyntaf am Arloesedd Digidol wedi cael ei dyfarnu i Gomisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru am ei animeiddiad o ddiwydiant copr Abertawe. Derbyniodd Stephen Hughes y Wobr gan Marilyn Palmer, Llywydd y Gymdeithas Archaeoleg Ddiwydiannol, yng Nghinio Cynhadledd y Gymdeithas ar fwrdd HMS Unicorn yn Dundee.

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