Shipwrecks, Oral Histories and Photography

Two of the three wrecks at Ynyslas.
NPRN 407989   DS2010_352_002

It was another busy week at the Commission last week, as we shadowed a number of the Royal Commission investigators and found out more about the work of the Recording and Investigation Team.  On Monday we went to Ynyslas in Ceredigion for the Welsh Coastal Historic Environment Research Group meeting.  This is attended by representatives of a number of different organisations such as the Welsh Archaeological Trusts and the Malvern Archaeological Diving Unit and provides an opportunity to hear about and discuss work undertaken around the Welsh coast. As part of the meeting, a visit was made to the site of three wrecks, once part of the Derwenlas slate-carrying fleet and which have recently been the focus of recording work by the Commission.  Medwyn Parry of the Commission also gave a talk on the military remains in the area. During the Second World War a missile testing range was sited at Ynyslas and this played a crucially important role in the development of fuel for both missiles and space rockets.

Aerial photo of Brymbo Iron and Steelworks.
NPRN 305753   GTJ28671

On Tuesday we visited Brymbo Iron and Steelworks (NPRNs 34054 and 305753) to speak to The Brymbo Heritage Group, who volunteer to help look after the remains of this once important industry.  The group is made up of people who once worked at the steelworks and others who have an interest in industrial archaeology. They run a small museum on the site and carry out educational talks and tours of the remains for interested groups. The group have recently been awarded funding from the HLF to employ a Heritage Officer to help raise awareness of the site.
 
We were taken on a tour of the site by Ross Cook of the Commission who has done a lot of work planning and interpreting the site. We were encouraged to think about the features of the buildings and the different phases. Iron was first produced at Brymbo by John Wilkinson in 1796, but towards the end of the nineteenth century steel production took precedence until its closure in 1990.

The volunteers in the group had lots of memories about working at the site and spoke to us about what their jobs had involved, their wages and the products they produced. They also provided valuable information on the surviving buildings and the process of work undertaken within them.  This information will be used to enhance and inform the Royal Commission’s recent survey of Brymbo, with the oral histories to be transcribed and archived as part of the project.

At the end of the week we were out on fieldwork with Commission photographer Iain Wright.  During the day we visited and photographed the war memorials in Aberystwyth, Borth and Tywyn, together with a steam engine housed at the Tywyn Railway Museum that is to feature in the Commission’s forthcoming publication on the Welsh slate industry. We learnt all about how to photograph these monuments and then afterwards how to process the photographs.

A really interesting week but watch this space for details of the excavation we are participating in soon!

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A Year On

Just over a year ago I was lucky enough to be offered a job with the Royal Commission on a one-year IfA & Heritage Lottery Fund Bursary Placement in Buildings Survey and Investigation. I started on 15th October last year and today, the 14th October 2013, means that I am a year on and that my placement has come to an end. The last year has really flown by (quite literally at times too) and has afforded me the opportunity to learn a lot about buildings survey and investigation, the Welsh historic environment and how the Commission provides an authoritative voice on interpreting and archiving knowledge gathered on these. It has also enabled me to develop within the role and demonstrate what I am capable of, it has been the break that I have needed to embark on a career within archaeology, something that I had struggled to achieve, and may not have without the IfA/HLF placement. Over the year I have travelled throughout Wales and even over it! I have investigated the cruck-framed hall houses of the boarders to gentry houses of Glamorgan, and the slate barges of the Dyfi estuary to the Ironworks at Brymbo. To say the least, it has been an eye opener, with a myriad of different historical sites and materials, which have helped further my passion and zeal for the historic environment that surrounds us. So, I would like to thank everyone at the Royal Commission for the last year and all they have done. I am now fortunate enough to spend a further six months here until March 2014.

To try and show what I have been up to over the last year, here are a few collages of my work, the sights I have seen and what I have been doing.

By Ross Cook

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Princes of Gwynedd Crowned First Strand of Pan-Wales Interpretation

Visitors to Snowdonia will now be able to follow in the footsteps of the princes of Gwynedd for the first time, thanks to a new heritage tourism scheme launched today (14 October 2013) at Dinas Emrys, the mythological home of the Welsh Dragon.

The scheme is a consortium led by Conwy County Borough Council in partnership with Gwynedd Council, Snowdonia National Park Authority and the National Trust. 30 iconic heritage sites linked to the princes have been interpreted to tell the unique story of the longest and most successful dynasty in medieval Wales - from the castles the princes built to the royal courts where they ruled.

From Maelgwn Gwynedd to Llywelyn the Great, visitors to Snowdonia can explore the colourful lives of the princes and witness their lasting legacy on today’s landscape, using new themed walking, cycling and driving routes to get around, promoted through a new website and guidebook.

Six information hubs have been created – at Betws-y-Coed Tourist Information Centre, Criccieth Castle Visitor Centre, Conwy Tourist Information Centre, The Oriel Pendeitsh Gallery in Caernarfon, Beddgelert Tourist Information Centre (Canolfan Hebog) and at National Trust Craflwyn – to act as a starting point for visitor journeys. 

Around 10 million* people visit the area annually and it is hoped the Princes of Gwynedd scheme will attract an additional 12,000 visitors to the heritage sites throughout Snowdonia before the end of 2014.

The Princes of Gwynedd scheme is the first strand of the Pan-Wales Heritage Interpretation Plan, led by Cadw, the Welsh Government’s Historic Environment Service, which aims to bring Wales’ heritage to life for locals and visitors to explore and enjoy while maximising the economic value of heritage tourism. Cadw plans to roll out more themes across Wales over the coming months through its Heritage Tourism Project, which is funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Government.

John Griffiths, Minister for Culture and Sport, said: “This is the first of 12 interpretation projects which will help to celebrate and share the story of Wales’s rich and diverse heritage and culture.  We want to make physical and thematic links between places and sites so that people can follow stories across Wales with the help of inspiring interpretation.

“The princes of Gwynedd were a hugely important part of how Wales developed and their story still leaves a mark on today’s landscape. The project team has led the way in ensuring visitors are met with exciting and thought-provoking experiences that will benefit the area’s local economy. We hope that the new trails will encourage local people and visitors alike to learn about the princes by retracing their steps and will be inspired to explore the rest of Wales’s fascinating story.”

Councillor Dilwyn Roberts, Leader of Conwy County Borough Council, said: “I am delighted that Conwy has had the opportunity to lead on this innovative partnership project, which brings our iconic heritage sites to a wider audience and generates economic benefit to the communities of Conwy and Gwynedd.”

The Princes of Gwynedd is one of six story strands in North West Wales with more to follow as part of the wider Our Heritage scheme. Councillor John Wynn Jones, Gwynedd Council's Economy Cabinet Member said: “Our Heritage aims to bring intriguing historical sites to life for everyone from seven year old ‘Horrible Histories’ fans to families who want a taste of how the princes of Gwynedd lived in Snowdonia, and serious history buffs eager to meet the ancestors.

“It is no exaggeration to say that there are hidden historical treasures of national, international and global importance just waiting to be discovered and explored in every corner of Gwynedd and Conwy.”

Trystan Edwards, National Trust General Manager for Snowdonia and Llŷn, said: “The condition, accessibility, and promotion of Dinas Emrys has been on our agenda for a number of years and so we have been delighted to play a key role in the Princes of Gwynedd project, and our welcome and information facilities at Craflwyn and in Beddgelert will be the ideal destination for all who want to learn more and explore.”

Jonathan Cawley, Director of Planning and Cultural Heritage for Snowdonia National Park Authority, said: “Upland Snowdonia was both a defensive bastion and important economic resource for the Princes of Gwynedd. The castles, palaces and grazing pastures of the Princes and the abbeys and churches they sponsored have shaped the historic landscape of Snowdonia. The National Park Authority is pleased to have been involved in the partnership to promote classic sites like Dolwyddelan and Castell y Bere castles as well as many hidden gems to local residents and visitors. The itineraries will draw people to some fantastic areas of Snowdonia that they might have otherwise missed.”

For more information about the Princes of Gwynedd, trails and exhibitions visit www.snowdoniaheritage.info/princes or watch the video.


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Partneriaid Treftadaeth Yn Datrys Dirgelwch Y Dyddiad!

Mae un o ddirgelion pensaernïol mwyaf Cymru wedi’i ddatrys o’r diwedd o ganlyniad i bartneriaeth rhwng yr Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol, Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru a Labordy Dendrocronoleg Rhydychen.
Y gred oedd i Dŷ Tredegyr, ger Casnewydd, gael ei adeiladu gan Syr William Morgan rywbryd rhwng 1664 (pan etifeddodd yr ystad) a’i farwolaeth ym 1680, ond hyd yn hyn ni chafwyd hyd i unrhyw ddogfennau i brofi pryd yn union y codwyd y tŷ.
Yn awr, yn sgil y gwaith arloesol a gafodd ei gomisiynu gan y partneriaid treftadaeth a’i gwblhau gan Labordy Dendrocronoleg Rhydychen, gellir datgelu bod y tŷ yn agos at gael ei orffen yn ystod gaeaf 1670-71.

Darganfyddiadau annisgwyl eraill a ddeilliodd o’r ymchwil oedd:

• Mae adain Duduraidd y tŷ yn dyddio o 1544-74 ond cafodd ei hailadeiladu yn dilyn tân yn hanner cyntaf yr 17eg ganrif.
• Cafodd y rhes wych o stablau – yr oedd llawer yn credu ei bod yn dyddio o ddechrau’r 18fed ganrif pan oedd y tŷ yn eiddo i Syr William Morgan KB – ei chodi’r un pryd â’r tŷ. 

Gwyddom bellach fod y stablau yn Nhŷ Tredegyr yn dyddio o’r un cyfnod yn union â’r plasty ysblennydd wrth ymyl.

Stablau Tŷ Tredegyr, wedi’u dyddio’n 1670/71 bellach.

Y tu mewn i Stablau Tŷ Tredegyr.

Arwyddocâd Pensaernïol
Tŷ Tredegyr yw un o dai mwyaf godidog cyfnod yr Adferiad drwy Brydain gyfan. Mae ganddo statws rhestredig gradd I (hynny yw, mae o bwys cenedlaethol) ac felly mae’n perthyn i’r 2.5% o adeiladau rhestredig mwyaf nodedig.
Dyma ganolfan hanesyddol un o’r ystadau Cymreig mawr, a ddatblygwyd gan deulu enwog y Morganiaid o’r 15fed hyd yr 20fed ganrif.
Cafodd y tŷ a’r demen eu gwerthu ym 1951 gan John Morgan, yr Arglwydd Tredegar olaf. Cawsant eu prynu yn y diwedd gan Gyngor Bwrdeistref Casnewydd ym 1974 a buont ar agor i’r cyhoedd ers hynny. Yn sgil cytundeb â Chyngor Dinas Casnewydd, daeth yr Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol yn gyfrifol am reoli Tŷ Tredegar, ei erddi a’i barcdir ar 16 Mawrth 2012, ar sail prydles o 50 mlynedd.
Mae’r tŷ a’r tiroedd yn gyrchfannau poblogaidd gan ymwelwyr ond mae peth o’i hanes yn ddirgelwch llwyr. A bu’n amhosibl rhoi ateb sicr i’r cwestiwn mwyaf amlwg: ‘Pryd y cafodd Tŷ Tredegyr ei adeiladu?’ – tan nawr.

Datrys y dirgelwch
I ddatrys dirgelwch y dyddiad, cafodd Labordy Dendrocronoleg Rhydychen ei gomisiynu’n gynharach eleni gan yr Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol a Chomisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru i ddyddio’r coed yn nho y tŷ, gan ddefnyddio blwyddgylchau.
Dendrocronoleg neu ddyddio blwyddgylch yw’r dull gwyddonol a ddefnyddir i ddyddio coed. Mae wedi’i seilio ar ddadansoddi twf blwyddgylchau a gall ddyddio coed yn fanwl iawn, gan roi’r flwyddyn ac weithiau’r tymor y cafodd y goeden ei thorri i lawr.
Darganfu Labordy Dendrocronoleg Rhydychen i’r coed a ddefnyddiwyd i wneud y to gael ei dorri yn ystod gaeaf 1670/1 ac ym 1671. Gan fod coed heb ei sychu’n cael ei ddefnyddio fel rheol, mae hyn yn dangos bod y tŷ bron wedi’i orffen ddeng mlynedd wedi i Siarl II gael ei adfer i’r orsedd, a blwyddyn cyn y dyddiad sydd i’w weld ar y deial haul paentiedig yn yr Ystafell Gedrwydd enwog.
Dangosodd Labordy Dendrocronoleg Rhydychen hefyd fod adain Duduraidd y tŷ yn dyddio o 1544-74, ond iddi gael ei hailadeiladu ar ôl tân yn hanner cyntaf yr 17eg ganrif. Mae’n bosibl mai dyma’r tŷ a ddisgrifiwyd gan John Leland, hynafiaethydd y Brenin, fel “a very fair place of stone” ar ganol yr 16eg ganrif.
Sut bynnag, y darganfyddiad mwyaf annisgwyl oedd bod y rhes wych o stablau – yr oedd llawer yn credu ei bod yn dyddio o ddechrau’r 18fed ganrif pan oedd y tŷ yn eiddo i Syr William Morgan KB a oedd yn berchen ar 75 o geffylau (gan gynnwys ceffyl rasio llwyddiannus iawn o’r enw ‘Lamprey’) – wedi’i chodi’r un pryd â’r tŷ mewn gwirionedd.
Cafodd y coed ar gyfer to’r stablau ei dorri yn ystod gaeaf 1670/71 ac felly mae’r stablau yr un oed yn union â’r tŷ. Gyda’u toeon talcennog, ffenestri croeslathog, pafiliynau ystlysol a phyrth canolog addurnol, mae’r tŷ a’r stablau’n cydweddu’n berffaith â’i gilydd.

Grym a dylanwad yn Nhŷ Tredegyr
Tŷ Tredegyr oedd y prosiect adeiladu mwyaf yn ystod cyfnod yr Adferiad yng Nghymru. Gwyddom bellach fod y stablau a’r tŷ yn cyfoesi ac yn rhan o un cynllun pensaernïol a roddodd fynegiant i rym a dylanwad teulu’r Morganiaid, a barhaodd am 300 mlynedd. Dywedid bod William Morgan, a gododd Dŷ Tredegyr ym 1671, yn werth £4,000 y flwyddyn a’i fod yn cael ei ystyried yn dywysog yn ei wlad ei hun.
Heddiw gallwn i gyd edmygu’r bensaernïaeth a’r grefftwriaeth yn Nhŷ Tredegyr, y talodd amdani o’i gyfoeth enfawr, gan wybod ei bod yn dyddio o 1671.
Yn wir, blwyddyn bwysig oedd honno i deulu’r Morganiaid. Roedd Henry Morgan, y môr-leidr enwog a hwyliai’r Môr Sbaenaidd, yn berthynas bell, a gwnaeth ffortiwn iddo’i hun drwy gipio Panama ym 1671.

Darllen mwy: Tŷ Tredegyr www.coflein.gov.uk

• Safleoedd Cysylltiedig (6)
• Delweddau ar-lein (34)
• Casgliadau Cysylltiedig (104)

Coflein yw cronfa ddata ar-lein Cofnod Henebion Cenedlaethol Cymru (CHCC), y casgliad cenedlaethol o wybodaeth am amgylchedd hanesyddol Cymru.


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Conference Notification: ‘The Forgotten State of Industry: Irish Industrial Landscapes and Heritage in a Global Context’

Upper Bank Copperworks Swansea.
AP_2008_0113 Crown Copyright.

 A two day international conference taking place on 18 and 19 October 2013 in County Wicklow.

The aim of the event is to highlight the significance of industrial heritage in Ireland and further afield, and to share international best practice in managing and promoting this heritage.

Speakers from Wales include Stephen Hughes, Projects Director at the Royal Commission and Secretary of TICCIH, The International Committee for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage; Professor Huw Bowen of Swansea University and John Rodger MBE, Member of the Blaenavon World Heritage Site Steering Group.

The event is organised by Glens of Lead, a community initiative working to improve the understanding and protection of Ireland’s most important historic lead mining centre in the Wicklow Mountains. They are a partner with the Royal Commission and the Copper Coast Geopark on the InterReg 4A (Ireland-Wales) Metal Links: Forging Communities Together project.

Find out more and book a place at the conference here http://glensoflead.eventbrite.ie/

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Dyfodol Ein Gorffennol

Archaeolegwyr brwd yn nesáu at gopa Bryngaer Pen Dinas ar un o deithiau tywys y Comisiwn Brenhinol.

Ar 12 Gorffennaf 2013, rhyddhaodd John Griffiths AC, y Gweinidog Diwylliant a Chwaraeon, ddatganiad am ddyfodol y gwasanaethau a ddarperir gan y Comisiwn Brenhinol. Nododd:

“Yr wyf yn credu bod uno yn cynnig y cyfle i ddarparu gwasanaeth amgylchedd hanesyddol cenedlaethol mwy effeithiol a chydlynol sy'n gallu darparu arweinyddiaeth gydweithredol ar gyfer sector yr amgylchedd hanesyddol, gan sicrhau cynnydd ar wybodaeth, cadwraeth ac ymgysylltu â'r cyhoedd. Yr wyf felly'n bwriadu uno'r Comisiwn Brenhinol gyda Cadw, ond yr wyf wedi gofyn am waith pellach mewn perthynas â manteision ac anfanteision cymharol eu huno y tu fewn i Lywodraeth Cymru a'r tu allan iddi.”

Bydd yn rhaid pasio Mesur cyn gallu gweithredu unrhyw newid terfynol i statws y Comisiwn. Mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn bwriadu cyflwyno Mesur Treftadaeth, a allai gynnwys darpariaeth o’r fath, yn 2015. Mae’r Gweinidog wedi cyhoeddi ei gynigion ar gyfer y Mesur a datblygiadau cyfochrog ac wedi gofyn am sylwadau arnynt, i’w derbyn erbyn 11 Hydref 2013. Bydd wedyn yn gwneud penderfyniad terfynol ar ddyfodol y Comisiwn, ar sail y gwaith pellach y mae ef wedi gofyn amdano a’r ymatebion i’r ddogfen ymgynghori.

Gellir gweld yr ymgynghoriad, ‘Dyfodol ein gorffennol’ ar wefan Llywodraeth Cymru a’i lwytho i lawr oddi yno. Ymgynghoriad cyhoeddus yw hwn ac mae croeso i unrhyw un ymateb. Pa un a ydych chi’n gweithio ym maes treftadaeth, yn wirfoddolwr trydydd sector, neu’n unigolyn sydd â diddordeb yng ngorffennol Cymru, mae eich barn ar y cynigion yn yr ymgynghoriad yn bwysig a bydd yn helpu i lunio dyfodol gwasanaethau’n gysylltiedig â’r amgylchedd hanesyddol yng Nghymru.

Bydd yr ymgynghoriad yn dod i ben ar 11 Hydref 2013. Gellir gweld ymateb ffurfiol y Comisiwn ei hun i’r ymgynghoriad ar-lein yma. Gellir hefyd ddarllen crynodeb o’r materion allweddol yn ymwneud â dyfodol y Comisiwn yma. Mae’r ddogfen ymgynghori a’r ffurflen ymateb yn egluro’n llawn sut i ymateb.

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Opening Our Doors to the public

The day generated much interest in the Britain from Above project.

This last week has been all about public engagement, and what is more engaging than an Open Doors event? Last Thursday, the Royal Commission opened its doors to over 150 people in celebration of the work achieved here.

Maps galore in the Royal Commission's rich archive.

During school hours, older pupils from the local secondary schools Penweddig and Penglais were entertained with specifically organised Careers Heritage sessions offered in partnership with staff from English Heritage, working on the collaborative Britain from Above project. The main aim of these sessions was to demonstrate the broad range of career choices that are available in the heritage sector and the types of resources we work with. These range from technological advances in App creation to more standard buildings recording, aerial projects, conservation work and, of course, community archaeology projects. Experts from several departments presented on their skills and careers, encouraging the children to have a go with equipment and, more importantly, answering any questions they had about their careers.  The latter part of the afternoon was then reserved for the wider public, drawing them in to see our current and past projects, encouraging them to take an interest and ask questions about what we do here.

Much enthusisam for digital surveying.

All in all, I believe  it was a great success, and a great way to end our introduction to the work of our public engagement team ― from attending a talk to the U3A group in Aberystwyth with our own Britain from  Above officer Natasha Scullion, to an enlightening meeting with the Heritage of Wales Public Engagement Group about the brilliant but varied ongoing projects with heritage organisations across Wales, and then to the other end of the spectrum, watching and actually being part of a Careers Day for local schools! Excellent experience all round.

The Open Day was a real hit for all!

By Kimberly Briscoe, Community Archaeology Training Placement.

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Reconnaissance Team: Aerial Photography, Uplands and Maritime

Recording and monitoring sites at Bryn Y Fan (SN93158870) near Clywedog.
Left to right: Kimberly Briscoe (Trainee Community Archaeologist; RCAHMW), David Leighton (Senior Investigator Uplands; RCAHMW), Sarahjayne Clements (Trainee Community Archaeologist; RCHAMW), Jenny Hall (Archaeologist; Trysor).

We have been very busy over the past few weeks at the Royal Commission and this week has been spent with the Reconnaissance Team. The team is split into three areas, aerial photography, maritime and uplands survey, looking for new sites in many different areas across Wales as well as monitoring known ones.

We started the week by learning how to catalogue aerial photographs onto the Commission’s database, using GIS to help us locate them on the map. It was really interesting trying to locate sites where the National Grid Reference (NGR) was not known to us, and helped me to learn more about the geography and archaeology of Wales.

We then visited sites around Borth and Ynyslas. First of all we looked at the remains of a Mesolithic peat shelf and tree stumps on the foreshore at Borth, which was amazing to think about how the landscape has changed. We also noticed an eclectic mix of houses in Borth due to different phases of development as a holiday resort, which was interesting to see. We then went to Ynyslas to look at the remains of a Second World War missile testing range and camp, which was extremely important in the development of fuel for space rockets. After this we discussed how we could move forward with community projects in Ynyslas and Borth and came up with some ideas that we will begin work on soon.

Midweek we went to Bryn Y Fan (SN93158870) near Clywedog to see what is involved in the Uplands Archaeology Initiative and talked to Paul Sambrook and Jenny Hall of Trysor about the community archaeology they undertake. We walked up and around the hill for most of the day looking for any archaeological sites. We did find some Cairns which was really exciting which we recorded by taking a NGR, measurements and photos.

Towards the end of the week we discussed our learning plans for this year, we then observed a talk on the Britain From Above Project to find out more about the work carried out with the community and aerial photographs.

As part of learning about maritime reconnaissance, we added information about wrecks to the maritime database, we learnt how to map fish traps on GIS using LIDAR, maps and aerial photographs to help. This was very informative and it is surprising how features show up using different techniques.

By Sarahjayne Clements, Community Archaeology Training Placement


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